What is it?

A transducer is an energy converter.

What does it do?

Transducers transform one form of energy into another form of energy.

How does it work?

Energy from a sensor is transformed by an actuator into another form of energy.

A sensor is a device that receives and responds to a signal. This signal must be produced by some type of energy such as heat, light, motion, or chemical reaction. Once it detects a signal, it converts it into an analog or digital representation.

An actuator is a device that transforms energy into motion, sound, light, electricity, or heat.

Applications:

Common electroacoustic transducers:

Loudspeaker – Converts an electrical signal into sound

Microphone – Converts sound waves into an electrical signal

Hydrophone - Converts sound waves in water into an electrical signal.

Common electromagnetic transducers:

Magnetic cartridge – Converts motion in a magnetic field into an electrical energy

Generator – Converts motion in a magnetic field into electrical energy.

Electromechanical Transducers – (Some are also called actuators):

Strain gauge – Converts the deformation (strain) of an object into electrical resistance

Galvanometer – Converts the electric current of a coil in a magnetic field into movement

Generators – Converts mechanical energy (motion) into electrical energy

Motor – Converts electrical energy into mechanical energy.

Photoelectric Transducers:

Cathode ray tube (CRT) –Converts electrical signals into light energy for a visual output

Light bulb – Converts electrical energy into visible light and heat

Laser diode – Converts electrical energy into light energy

Photodiode - Converts light energy into electrical energy.

Thermoelectric Transducers:

Thermocouple – Converts heat energy into electrical energy

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